Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science. States & Territories 2008. p 1199-1210. The Paleolithic Era The Paleolithic Era was the beginning of the humans, and is also known as the stone age. Oxford: Elsevier. Upper Paleolithic (Late Stone Age) 45,000-10,000 Years Ago. The productive Paleozoic era gave rise to hard-shelled organisms, vertebrates, amphibians, and reptiles. $('.chk_timeline_types:checked').each(function(elem) { New York: Academic Press. var timelineTypesChecked = []; p 865-875. Today scholars divide the Paleolithic into three categories, called Lower Paleolithic, Middle Paleolithic, and Upper Paleolithic in Europe and Asia; and Early Stone Age, Middle Stone Age and Later Stone Age in Africa. Lower … People were beginning to understand their … The Ancient History Encyclopedia logo is a registered EU trademark. 2008. Achieving what scholars call behavioral modernity was a long, slow process, but some of the first glimmers arose in the Middle Paleolithic, such as the development of sophisticated stone tools, caring for the elderly, hunting and gathering, and some amount of symbolic or ritual behavior. The people who study the past of humans are called archaeologists. Divided into three periods: Paleolithic (or Old Stone Age), Mesolithic (or Middle Stone Age), and Neolithic (or New Stone Age), this era is marked by the use of tools by our early human ancestors (who evolved around 300,000 B.C.) Select: all / none. This era began about 2.6 Million years ago. p 99-107. Civilization & Science Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science. ASIA, EAST - China, Paleolithic Cultures. p 63-72. After decades of debate, the majority of scientists are now convinced that our earliest human ancestors evolved in Africa. }); Numerous educational institutions recommend us, including Oxford University and Michigan State University and University of Missouri. Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science. Historical Timeline-The Paleolithic Era to the Roman Republic By Matthew Musio. Those archaeologists who study the very earliest human beings specialize in the Paleolithic; scientists who study the periods prior to the Paleolithic are paleontologists. Human ancestors, as a group, are called hominids. Bar-Yosef O. Archaeologists study the recent past of our planet and the evolution of physical human beings and their behaviors. ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECORDS - Global Expansion 300,000-8000 years ago, Asia In: Elias SA, editor. Oxford: Elsevier. In: Pearsall DM, editor. Harris JWK, Braun DR, and Pante M. 2007. You'll see different dates for the starting and ending dates of the Paleolithic periods, in part because we're still learning about these ancient occurrences. McNabb J. During this era, early humans shared the planet with a number of now-extinct hominin relatives, includin… Cities & Buildings Search through the entire ancient history timeline. Petraglia MD, and Dennell R. 2007. By the Upper Paleolithic (45,000-10,000 years ago), the Neanderthals were in decline, and by 30,000 years ago, they were gone. The species that evolved in the Lower Paleolithic include Australopithecus, Homo habilis, Homo erectus, and Homo ergaster, among others. Encyclopedia of Archaeology. 2007. p 89-98. Middle Paleolithic/Middle Stone Age (about 300,000-45,000 Years Ago). The Paleolithic period begins in Africa with the earliest human-like behaviors of crude stone tool manufacture about 2.7 million years ago and ends with the development of fully modern human hunting and gathering societies. All of the living members of our species, Homo sapiens, are descended from a single population in Africa. Philosophy & Religion and the eventual transformation from a culture of hunting and gathering to farming and food production. timelineTypesChecked.push(this.value); In Europe, where humans finally arrived after about a million years in Africa, the Paleolithic was marked by a cycle of glacial and interglacial periods, during which time glaciers grew and shrank, covering massive portions of land and forcing a cycle of human depopulation and recolonization. Oxford: Elsevier. The Paleolithic is the time when our species Homo sapiens, developed into the human beings of today. The Middle Paleolithic period (ca 300,000 to 45,000 years ago) witnessed the evolution of Neanderthals and the first anatomically and eventually behaviorally modern Homo sapiens. The Paleolithic period begins with the first evidence of human technology (stone tools) more than three million years ago, and ends with the major changes in human societies instigated by the invention of agriculture and animal domestication. p 570-597. Oxford: Elsevier. The Industrial Revolution was powered by coal formed during this ancient ice age, and much of the excess CO2 in the atmosphere today comes from these coals. During the Middle Paleolithic, H. sapiens first left from northern Africa to colonize the Levant between about 100,000-90,000 years ago, but those colonies failed. K. Kris Hirst is an archaeologist with 30 years of field experience. The web's source of information for Ancient History: definitions, articles, timelines, maps, books, and illustrations. The onset of the Paleolithic Period has traditionally coincided with the first evidence of tool construction and use by Homo some 2.58 million years ago, near the beginning of the Pleistocene Epoch (2.58 million to 11,700 years ago). New York: Academic Press. Lower Paleolithic (or Early Stone Age) about 2.7 million-300,000 years ago, Mousterian: A Middle Stone Age Technology That May Be Outmoded, Lower Paleolithic: The Changes Marked by the Early Stone Age, A Beginner's Guide to the Neolithic Period, Tracing Human History: The Stone Age to the Middle Ages, Acheulean Handaxe: Definition and History, Mesolithic Period, Hunter-Gatherer-Fishers in Europe, Guide to Prehistoric Europe: Lower Paleolithic to Mesolithic, History of Animal and Plant Domestication, ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECORDS - Global Expansion 300,000-8000 years ago, Africa, ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECORDS - 2.7 MYR-300,000 years ago in Africa, ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECORDS - 1.9 MYR-300,000 years ago in Europe, ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECORDS - Global Expansion 300,000-8000 years ago, Asia. Marciniak A. Modern humans spread all over the planet, reaching the Sahul (Australia) about 50,000 years ago, mainland Asia about 28,000 years ago, and finally the Americas, about 16,000 years ago. Some Rights Reserved (2009-2020) under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license unless otherwise noted. $('.chk_timeline_types').change(function() { tl_categories_checked(); Mesolithic. ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECORDS - 1.9 MYR-300,000 years ago in Europe In: Elias SA, editor. Her work has appeared in scholarly publications such as Archaeology Online and Science. $('#timeline_types_input').attr('value',timelineTypesChecked.join(',')); New York: Academic Press. Nature & Climate Domestication of plants and animals marks the beginning of modern human society. With the Palaeolithic spanning such an almost incomprehensibly huge timeframe, thankfully our organisationally oriented modern human minds have come up with some subdivisions. Close AE, and Minichillo T. 2007. Encyclopedia of Archaeology. Looking at the different ‘stages’ and characteristics we think we can see in stone tool cultures across the world during this period – and, crucially, not at absolute chronological boundaries - has produced the following highly unoriginal labels: 1. The earliest successful and permanent Homo sapiens occupations outside of Africa date to about 60,000 years ago. Ancient History Encyclopedia Limited is a non-profit company registered in the United Kingdom. In Africa, where the earliest humans arose, the Early Stone Age begins some 2.7 million years ago, with the earliest stone tools recognized to date in the Olduvai Gorge of East Africa. Arts & Culture ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECORDS - 2.7 MYR-300,000 years ago in Africa In: Elias SA, editor. }); Rulers & Politics Encyclopedia of Archaeology. In: Pearsall DM, editor. It thus covers the time from the Middle Paleolithic (Old Stone Age) to the very beginnings of world history. We have also been recommended for educational use by the following publications: Ancient History Encyclopedia Foundation is a non-profit organization registered in Canada. EUROPE, CENTRAL AND EASTERN. ASIA, WEST - Palaeolithic Cultures. In: Elias SA, editor. In Africa, where the earliest humans arose, the Early Stone Age begins some 2.7 million years ago, with the earliest stone tools recognized to date in the Olduvai Gorge of East Africa. function tl_categories_checked() { The Stone Age in human prehistory also referred to as the Paleolithic Period, is the period between about 2.7 million and 10,000 years ago. Shen C. 2008. Migration & Trade - 9600. Dinosaurs ruled the Earth in the mighty Mesozoic. Lower Paleolithic (or Early Stone Age) about 2.7 million-300,000 years ago . Specify between which dates you want to search, and what keywords you are looking for. ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECORDS - Global Expansion 300,000-8000 years ago, Africa. War(fare) & Battles Categories: p 107-118. tl_categories_checked(); These tools were simple fist-sized cores and whole flakes created by two ancient hominids (human ancestors), Paranthropus boisei and Homo habilis. In: Pearsall DM, editor. The Upper Paleolithic is characterized by fully modern behaviors such as cave art, hunting a range of techniques including bows and arrows, and making a wide range of tools in stone, bone, ivory, and antler. The earliest hominids left Africa about 1.7 million years ago, arriving at sites such as Dmanisi in Georgia, where hominids (probably Homo erectus) made stone tools suggestive of those from Africa. This timeline of human prehistory comprises the time from the first appearance of Homo sapiens in Africa 315,000 years ago to the invention of writing and the beginning of history, 5,000 years ago. 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