The oil is also sometimes used in soap.[15]. A common misconception is that flowering sunflower heads track the Sun across the sky. Their heliotropic motion is a circadian rhythm, synchronized by the sun, which continues if the sun disappears on cloudy days or if plants are moved to constant light. The whorled sunflower, Helianthus verticillatus, was listed as an endangered species in 2014 when the U.S. This sunflower species is also used as wild bird food, as livestock forage (as a meal or a silage plant), in some industrial applications, and as an ornamental in domestic gardens. Sunflowers can be used in phytoremediation to extract toxic ingredients from soil, such as lead, arsenic and uranium, and used in rhizofiltration to neutralize radionuclides and other toxic ingredients and harmful bacteria from water. For other uses, see, genus of flowering plants in the daisy family Asteraceae, "Early sunflower family fossil found in South America", "Conservation Plant Characteristics - Helianthus annuus L. common sunflower HEAN3", "U.S. The plant was first domesticated in the Americas. A large number of cultivars, of varying size and colour, are now available to grow from seed. The common sunflower (H. annuus) is an annual herb with a rough hairy stem 1–4.5 metres (3–15 feet) high and broad, coarsely toothed, rough leaves 7.5–30 cm (3–12 inches) long arranged in spirals. Sunflower halva is popular in countries in Eastern Europe, including Belarus, Bulgaria, Romania, Moldova, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Russia, and Ukraine as well as other countries of the former Soviet Union. Sunflower, (genus Helianthus), genus of nearly 70 species of herbaceous plants of the aster family (Asteraceae). The lower leaves are opposite, ovate, or often heart-shaped. The growth of a sunflower depends strictly on its genetic makeup and background. Several ornamental cultivars of H. annuus have red-colored ray florets; all of them stem from a single original mutant. Another major threat to sunflower crops is broomrape, a parasite that attacks the root of the sunflower and causes extensive damage to sunflower crops, as high as 100 percent. Some species also have additional shorter scales in the pappus, and one species lacks a pappus entirely. The following are cultivars of sunflowers (those marked .mw-parser-output span.smallcaps{font-variant:small-caps}.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps-smaller{font-size:85%}agm have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit):-[23]. Helianthus annuus, the common sunflower, is a large annual forb of the genus Helianthus grown as a crop for its edible oil and edible fruits. [16], The Journal of Environmental Management has analyzed the impact of various nitrogen-based fertilizers on the growth of sunflowers. Each "petal" consists of a ligule composed of fused petals of an asymmetrical ray flower. Feedipedia, a programme by INRA, CIRAD, AFZ and FAO. In commercial planting, seeds are planted 45 cm (1.48 ft) apart and 2.5 cm (0.98 in) deep. Sunflower oil, extracted from the seeds, is used for cooking, as a carrier oil and to produce margarine and biodiesel, as it is cheaper than olive oil.
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