Henry II said, "from the very first day they met, my son and she got on as well together as if they had known each other for a long time". He reacted by becoming more authoritarian. Determined to stop the persecution and have Protestantism officially recognised, a group of noblemen planned the Amboise conspiracy to overthrow the government and give power to the Princes of the Blood, who supported the new religion. With the marriage of Francis II and Mary Stuart, the future of Scotland was linked to that of France. [11] They also delayed paying military personnel, the king's officials, and court suppliers. In the cities of Tours and Orléans, they received money and weapons from the conspirators. Multiple diseases have been suggested, such as mastoiditis, meningitis, or otitis exacerbated into an abscess. Francis was controlled by his wife's uncles from the House of Guise, who were staunch supporters of Catholicism during the leadup to the French Wars of Religion. [35][36] It also had to reach an agreement with Spain about the prisoners of war held by both sides. After decades of wars against the House of Habsburg, the public debt stood at 48 million livres, while the king had only 12 million livres in annual income. In July 1560 he came back to court and to the council, although in a much less flamboyant manner than before. Historica Wiki is a FANDOM Games Community. Due to that threat, the royal council decided, under the influence of Queen Catherine de' Medici, to make some concessions. She was tall for her age and eloquent, and Francis was unusually short and stuttered. The marriage produced no children, possibly due to Francis's illnesses or undescended testicles.[3]. According to French law, Francis was an adult who did not need a regent. When Francis II died, France withdrew from Scotland, Brazil, Corsica, Tuscany, Savoy and most of Piedmont. Francis II of France - Biography. Over the following days disorientated troops, mostly peasants, were arrested one by one in and around the forest of Amboise. https://historica.fandom.com/wiki/Francis_II_of_France?oldid=235689. Francis II, aware of the kingdom's weaknesses, reassured Spain of its intention to fulfill the treaty just signed. The government's conciliation policy was intended to ease tensions, but had the opposite effect. The transition has been described as brutal, but while it no doubt caused the Constable considerable frustration, there were no confrontations or reprisals. The king was at first inclined to leniency. On the Spanish side, King Philip II showed some unwillingness to return four locations in the northeast of the kingdom as required by the treaty. The king's reaction was fierce and determined: he mobilised his troops, sent the army to the rioting areas, and ordered governors to return to their positions. [40] The queen's mother, Marie of Guise, was already regent for Scotland. The Pope opposed this. Many rioters had the support of local notables. Francis II had a brief reign. Royal arms of Francis, Dauphin and King consort of Scots, Royal arms of Mary, Queen of Scots, impaled with those of Francis, Royal arms of Mary, Queen of Scots, Queen consort of France, Royal arms of Mary, Queen of Scots, Queen dowager of France, Learn how and when to remove this template message, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Francis_II_of_France&oldid=983349851, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Francis II is one of the main characters on the CW show, This page was last edited on 13 October 2020, at 18:54. However, France was unable to help the Catholics of Scotland against the Reformation in the country, leading to the breakdown of the Franco-Scottish alliance. The main areas of opposition spanned a crescent-shaped territory from Anjou to Dauphiné and included the regions of Poitou, Guyenne, Périgord, Languedoc, and Provence. They were supported by the arrival in April of 6000 soldiers and 3000 horsemen, which began the siege of the city. The poorly organised conspiracy ended in a bloodbath. He had arrived at court during the uprising and helped to defend the castle. Francis II was the young King of France after his father dies when he was 16. He acceded to the throne in 1559, aged only 14, after the accidental death of his father Henri II from a jousting accident. Francis was the first in a series of three French princes, children of Henri and Catherine de Medici, all of whom died young. They were unable to help Catholics in Scotland against the progressing Scottish Reformation, however, and the Auld Alliance was dissolved. Under the influence of Catherine de Médicis and the members of the royal council, the government tried to ease tensions with a policy of conciliation. His godparents were Francis I (who knighted him during the ceremony), Pope Paul III, and his great-aunt Marguerite de Navarre. Under pressure from the Queen Mother, the Guises agreed to consult with the notables: this led to a meeting of the Assembly of Notables at Fontainebleau from 21 to 26 August. He was also King consort of Scotland as a result of his marriage to Mary, Queen of Scots, from 1558 until his death in 1560. Francis II and Mary Stuart had to withdraw French troops and stop displaying England's arms. On 8 March 1560, the king signed an edict granting general amnesty to Protestants. Border disputes renewed tensions between the two nations, but after months of protests Francis II finally obtained these territories. Protestants elected local leaders, raised money, bought weapons, and formed militias. An opposition movement led by the Prince of the Blood Antoine of Navarre, King of Navarre, contested their power.
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